what表示“……的东西或者事情”,故前面不可加名词或者代词。
that在主语从句中不表示任何含义,只起连接作用,故必须接完整的句子that 和 what 作为连词时,都可以引起一个名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。在that引起的从句中,that没有实际的汉语意思,即无须翻译出来。更重要的是它在从句中不作任何成分。例如:1、What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.2、That he said somethingat the meeting astonished everybody present.1、what有具体指代(类似汉语的实词),that没有具体指代(类似汉语的虚词,说法仅用于类比,不做严谨考证)。又如:
① Whatshe wanted to show us is different.(主语从句中what做宾语)② Thatyou don’t like him is none of my business.(主语从句中that不做成分)2、what表示“……的东西或者事情” , that 不表示任何含义。
① What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.② That good soil is gradually lost is another problem.分析:
①中what表示“……..的事物”意为“什么导致这场事故仍然是个谜。”②中that 不表示任何含义,意为“好的土壤逐渐流失是另一个问题